{"id":428,"date":"2022-08-09T11:58:37","date_gmt":"2022-08-09T11:58:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/diaspora.arhivi.lv\/karagustekni\/?page_id=428"},"modified":"2026-02-25T14:20:54","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T12:20:54","slug":"francija","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/diaspora.arhivi.lv\/karagustekni\/index.php\/francija\/","title":{"rendered":"Francija"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Francijas teritorij\u0101 ASV g\u016bst\u0101 1945. gada maija beig\u0101s un j\u016bnija s\u0101kum\u0101 p\u0113c visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s v\u0101cu armijas bezierunu kapitul\u0101cijas 8. maij\u0101 atrad\u0101s apm\u0113ram 1200 latvie\u0161u karav\u012bru. V\u0113l\u0101k g\u016bstek\u0146u skaits Francij\u0101 pieauga, tos atvedot no V\u0101cijas nometn\u0113m. Jau 1944. gada 23. decembr\u012b ASV ar Franciju nosl\u0113dza darbasp\u0113ka l\u012bgumu, ka ASV Francijas vald\u012bbai nodos pusotru miljonu SS kara g\u016bstek\u0146u Francij\u0101 izdar\u012bto kara post\u012bjumu nov\u0101k\u0161anai un saimniecisk\u0101s dz\u012bves atjauno\u0161anas darbam, kas bija par iemeslu ne tik dr\u012bzai latvie\u0161u g\u016bstek\u0146u atbr\u012bvo\u0161anai. Kopskait\u0101 fran\u010di no amerik\u0101\u0146iem sa\u0146\u0113ma vismaz 2400 latvie\u0161u karav\u012bru. Atk\u0101rtotie iesniegumi un grie\u0161an\u0101s pie Francijas vald\u012bbas no s\u016bt\u0146a O\u013c\u0123erda Grosvalda puses palika bez pan\u0101kumiem, un tikai 1947. gada otraj\u0101 pus\u0113 p\u0113c ASV uzst\u0101\u0161anas un spiediena Francija bija ar mieru g\u016bstek\u0146us pak\u0101peniski atbr\u012bvot, pied\u0101v\u0101jot tiem iesaist\u012bties k\u0101 str\u0101dniekiem darbos Francij\u0101 uz br\u012bva l\u012bguma pamata. \u0160o iesp\u0113ju izmantoja liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca g\u016bstek\u0146u. Tikai 1948. gada vid\u016b no g\u016bsta Francij\u0101 tika atbr\u012bvots p\u0113d\u0113jais latvietis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u010cetri le\u0123ion\u0101ri karag\u016bstek\u0146u nometn\u0113 St.Fons\u0101, Francij\u0101. Avots: Latvijas Kara muzejs.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Fran\u010du g\u016bsts \u2013 bads un nezi\u0146a par \u0101rpasauli<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Fran\u010di g\u016bstek\u0146us uzskat\u012bja par darbasp\u0113ku bez kaut k\u0101diem sod\u012b\u0161anas vai p\u0101raudzin\u0101\u0161anas mot\u012bviem. Pa\u0161\u0101 Francij\u0101 vald\u012bja p\u0101rtikas tr\u016bkums, l\u012bdz ar to ar\u012b dz\u012bves apst\u0101k\u013ci nometn\u0113s bija attiec\u012bgi slikt\u0101ki. P\u0101rtika bija zem eksistences robe\u017eas, vald\u012bja bads un bija augsta mirst\u012bba. V\u0101cie\u0161i un it\u0101\u013ci no fran\u010du g\u016bstek\u0146u nometn\u0113m b\u0113ga, bet latvie\u0161iem nebija, kur b\u0113gt. Sadz\u012bves apst\u0101k\u013ci uzlaboj\u0101s vien 1946. gada vasar\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LSK \u0123ener\u0101lsekret\u0101ra vietnieka M.Raterma\u0146a v\u0113stule LSK pilnvarotam J\u0101nim Bi\u0161ofam Ingol\u0161tat\u0113 par g\u016bstek\u0146iem Francij\u0101, kurus apmekl\u0113jis m\u0101c\u012bt\u0101js J\u0101nis Romans, 1946. gada 17. apr\u012bl\u012b<\/strong><\/strong>. Avots: LNA_LVA_F2176_2-v_143, 48. lp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cVairums ir gaisa izpal\u012bgi. No Cherbourg\u2019as, Dieppe\u2019s un Renne\u2019s vair\u0101ki simti, b\u016bdami saa\u0123it\u0113ti, jau agr\u0101k aizbrauku\u0161i uz dzimteni, jo tr\u016bkusi \u012bsta inform\u0101cija, kas tagad nov\u0113rsts. Piespiedu izdo\u0161anas nav. Tr\u016bkst dr\u0113bes, sm\u0113\u0137\u0113jam\u0101. Da\u013ca str\u0101d\u0101. Re\u0101lo pal\u012bdz\u012bbu trauc\u0113 tas, ka Francij\u0101 latvie\u0161u maz un no \u0161ejienes paci\u0146as var s\u016bt\u012bt tikai l\u012bdz 500 gr. M\u0101c\u012bt\u0101js Romans apce\u013cojis tikai fran\u010du g\u016bstek\u0146u nometnes, jo amerik\u0101\u0146u nometn\u0113s st\u0101voklis visum\u0101 lab\u0101ks. G\u016bstek\u0146u apr\u016bpei nodibin\u0101ta uz vietas pal\u012bdz\u012bbas komiteja.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0101c\u012bt\u0101ja J\u0101\u0146a Romana v\u0113stule s\u016btnim O\u013c\u0123erdam Grosvaldam par g\u016bstek\u0146u apmekl\u0113jumu Lion\u0101, Citadel\u0113 un Semij\u012b (Semilly<\/em>) 1946. gada 15. febru\u0101r\u012b<\/strong>. <\/strong>Avots: LNA_LVA_F2176_2-v_143, 285. lp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cGarast\u0101voklis karav\u012bros bija diezgan nospiests, bet tas izskaidrojams ar nezi\u0146u, k\u0101d\u0101 tiem visu laiku j\u0101dz\u012bvo. T\u0101pat karav\u012bri s\u016bdz\u0113j\u0101s par nepietiekamu uzturu un ap\u0123\u0113rbu tr\u016bkumu. Da\u017ei no m\u016bsu karav\u012briem ir biju\u0161i ar\u012b izvietoti pie saimniekiem uz laukiem, bet tagad \u0101r\u0101 vairs netiekot laisti, jo katru dienu tiekot gaid\u012bta krievu komisija. Semilly garast\u0101voklis bija drusku lab\u0101ks, jo nesen atpaka\u013c vi\u0146i sa\u0146\u0113mu\u0161i no Par\u012bzes J\u016bsu v\u0113stuli un k\u0101du latvie\u0161u av\u012bzi. Ar\u012b \u0161eit notur\u0113ju dievkalpojumu, lai stiprin\u0101tu gar\u012bgi m\u016bsu tautie\u0161us. Ar\u012b \u0161eit s\u016bdz\u0113j\u0101s par nepietiekamu uzturu. Karav\u012bri gandr\u012bz visi \u0161eit nodarbin\u0101ti t\u0101 saucam\u0101 saimniec\u012bbas komand\u0113.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Karag\u016bstek\u0146a Herberta Misi\u0146a pastkarte onkulim J\u016blijam Taubem, 1947. gada 20. j\u016blijs. <\/strong>Avots: LNA_LVA_F2176_2-v_137, 16. lp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“Nupat s\u0101kas br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bga v\u0101cu g\u016bst[ek\u0146u] p\u0101rskait\u012b\u0161ana par civilstr\u0101dniekiem uz 1 gadu. T\u0101 k\u0101 p\u0113c iedal\u012bt\u0101s k\u0101rt\u012bbas mana atbr\u012bvo\u0161[ana] izn\u0101k n\u0101k[ama] g[ada] vid\u016b, tad esmu nol\u0113mis ar\u012b palikt par civilistu. Kaut gan nav v\u0113l skaidrs, vai m\u016bs latv[ie\u0161us] patur\u0113s g\u016bst\u0101, vai at\u013caus saist\u012bties civil\u0101 darb\u0101. Runas kl\u012bst, ka m\u016bs fran\u010di turot par v\u0101cu l\u012bdzskr\u0113j\u0113jiem un noziedzniekiem. [..] Esam iesniegu\u0161i daudzus l\u016bgumus fran\u010du iest\u0101d\u0113s, t\u0101pat m\u016bsu b\u0113g\u013cu p\u0101rst\u0101vjiem un s\u016btn[im] London\u0101 un Va\u0161ington\u0101. Esam pies\u016bt\u012bju\u0161i rakstus vis\u0101m trimdas redakcij\u0101m V\u0101cij\u0101, Zviedrij\u0101, Anglij\u0101. Vai tie\u0161\u0101m pasaule, m\u016bsu vado\u0161ie darbin[ieki] nek\u0101 nevar dar\u012bt, lai m\u016bs atbr\u012bvotu? Fran\u010di st\u016brgalv\u012bgi negrib m\u016bs atlaist, ja nebraucam pie krieva.”<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bg\u0101ka situ\u0101cija bija Francij\u0101 izvietotaj\u0101s amerik\u0101\u0146u g\u016bstek\u0146u nometn\u0113s. Dz\u012bves apst\u0101k\u013ci tur bija da\u017e\u0101di: no p\u0101rtic\u012bgas dz\u012bves l\u012bdz apst\u0101k\u013ciem, kur var\u0113ja knapi dz\u012bv\u012bbu izvilkt, k\u0101, piem\u0113ram, lielaj\u0101s nometn\u0113s pie Marse\u013cas un \u0160artr\u0113. LSK bie\u017ei sa\u0146\u0113ma zi\u0146as, ka g\u016bstek\u0146u nometn\u0113s Francij\u0101 izveidojusies savdab\u012bga situ\u0101cija, kas kalpojusi par iemeslu latvie\u0161u g\u016bstek\u0146u dz\u012bves apst\u0101k\u013cu pasliktin\u0101\u0161anai \u2013 nomet\u0146u iek\u0161\u0113jo administr\u0101ciju amerik\u0101\u0146i m\u0113dza nodot v\u0101cu g\u016bstek\u0146u rok\u0101s, kas, izmantojot labv\u0113l\u012bgo situ\u0101cija, noteica savu k\u0101rt\u012bbu. Lai to main\u012btu, LSK v\u0113rs\u0101s pie attiec\u012bgaj\u0101m instanc\u0113m, it sevi\u0161\u0137i pie Starptautisk\u0101 Sarkan\u0101 Krusta \u017den\u0113v\u0101. Visi biju\u0161i spiesti atz\u012bt, ka \u0161\u0101da par\u0101d\u012bba, kad vieni g\u016bstek\u0146i noteic p\u0101r citiem, nav norm\u0101la un ka t\u0101 nov\u0113r\u0161ama. K\u0101 risin\u0101jums tika apsol\u012bts un realiz\u0113ts LSK ierosin\u0101jums latvie\u0161u karav\u012brus iz\u0146emt no g\u016bstek\u0146u nometn\u0113m un koncentr\u0113t baltu tautu (ar\u012b starptautisk\u0101s) nometn\u0113s. L\u012bdz latvie\u0161u g\u016bstek\u0146u no\u0161\u0137ir\u0161anai par apst\u0101k\u013ciem l\u012bdz\u0101s v\u0101cie\u0161iem st\u0101sta vair\u0101ki g\u016bstek\u0146u zi\u0146ojumi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gaisa sp\u0113ku izpal\u012bga Ginta Stipnieka (dz. 1927)<\/strong> zi\u0146ojums LSK par latvie\u0161u g\u016bstek\u0146u apst\u0101k\u013ciem Marse\u013c\u0101 un v\u0101cie\u0161u ne\u017e\u0113l\u012bgo<\/strong> attieksmi.<\/strong> 1945. gada rudens.<\/strong> Avots: LNA_LVA_F2176_2-v_143, 299. lp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAmerik\u0101\u0146i m\u016bs aizveda uz 404. g\u016bstek\u0146u nometni pie Marse\u013cas. T\u0101 pa liel\u0101kai da\u013cai sast\u0101v\u0113ja no v\u0101cie\u0161iem, kopskait\u0101 apm\u0113ram 100 000 v\u0101cu g\u016bstek\u0146u, kas sadal\u012bj\u0101s aplokos pa 6000 g\u016bstek\u0146iem katr\u0101 aplok\u0101. Te m\u0113s bij\u0101m jau ap 200 latvie\u0161u. [..] \u0160\u012b g\u016bstek\u0146u nometne bija ier\u012bkota smil\u0161ain\u0101 apvid\u016b un, uzn\u0101kot smil\u0161u v\u0113tr\u0101m, nebija, kur pagl\u0101bties. Uzn\u0101ca t\u0101ds karstuma vilnis, ka temperat\u016bra sniedz\u0101s l\u012bdz 56 gr\u0101diem \u0113n\u0101. Daudzi lietuvji un ar\u012b latvie\u0161i palika v\u0101jpr\u0101t\u012bgi no karstuma. Nometnes vad\u012bba, resp[ekt\u012bvi], visa nometne, atrad\u0101s v\u0101cu rok\u0101s. Stingra v\u0101cu re\u017e\u012bma g\u016bstek\u0146iem no plkst. 6 r\u012bt\u0101 l\u012bdz 17 p\u0113c pusdienas bija nep\u0101rtraukti j\u0101so\u013co. Bet liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca g\u016bstek\u0146u iztur\u0113ja tikai l\u012bdz plkst. 11, kad krita no k\u0101j\u0101m nost. Tad so\u013co\u0161anu p\u0101rtrauca, deva 1 stundu atp\u016btas, p\u0113c tam nos\u0113din\u0101ja visus rind\u0101, nol\u012bdzinot p\u0113c \u0161\u0146ores, un t\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101 bija j\u0101nos\u0113\u017e l\u012bdz plkst.17, kad nolaida nometnes karogu un b\u016btu j\u0101s\u0101kas nakts atp\u016btai, bet paties\u012bb\u0101 bija j\u0101izpilda uzliktie sodi. Ja dien\u0101 k\u0101ds bija izdar\u012bjis k\u0101du p\u0101rk\u0101pumu, tad sodu uzlika visai grupai. Par sodu bija j\u0101skalda akme\u0146i, sitot akmeni pret akmeni. Pa nakt\u012bm vajadz\u0113ja ar\u012b kapl\u0113t, \u0161o darbu v\u0113l\u0101k izveda uz akordu. \u0160\u012bm moc\u012bb\u0101m bija izmekl\u0113ti speci\u0101li v\u0101cie\u0161i, kuriem citu cilv\u0113ku si\u0161ana un moc\u012b\u0161ana dara prieku, tie ar koka rundzi\u0146\u0101m sita k\u0101 v\u0101cu, t\u0101 p\u0101r\u0113jos g\u016bstek\u0146us, neprasot vi\u0146iem, vai vi\u0146\u0161 vain\u012bgs vai n\u0113. Tad iejauc\u0101s amerik\u0101\u0146i, koka rundzi\u0146u viet\u0101 ieveda \u0101das pipkas. Pipkot\u0101jus sauc\u0101m par U.v.D. (Unteroffizier vom Dienst<\/em>). \u0160\u0101di U.v.D. v\u012bri st\u0101v\u0113ja rind\u0101 un, kad g\u0101j\u0101m p\u0113c \u0113diena, mums sava prieka p\u0113c uzg\u0101za. \u0160\u0101du v\u012bru bija apm\u0113ram 50 uz katriem 6000 g\u016bstek\u0146iem. Tie at\u0146\u0113ma daudz lab\u0101ku uzturu par p\u0101r\u0113jiem un lietoja g\u016bstek\u0146iem pie\u0161\u0137irto devu, piem[\u0113ram], \u0161okol\u0101di. M\u016bsu dienas uzturs bija 100 gr baltmaizes no r\u012bta, pusdien\u0101s \u00be l zir\u0146u zupa, ja nebija zir\u0146u, piejauca piena pulveri, 100 gr baltmaizes vakar\u0101. \u0160\u0101dos apst\u0101k\u013cos m\u0113s nodz\u012bvoj\u0101m 3 m\u0113ne\u0161us. V\u0113l\u0101k m\u016bs, latvie\u0161us, igau\u0146us un lietuvjus, novietoja 404. g\u016bstek\u0146u nometnes darba nometn\u0113. Bija j\u0101iet darb\u0101 gan pie amerik\u0101\u0146iem, gan citur, kur uzturs bija lab\u0101ks, jo sa\u0146\u0113m\u0101m 1200 kaloriju dien\u0101. T\u0101 nodz\u012bvoj\u0101m 1 m\u0113nesi.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An\u0161a Gar\u0101 zi\u0146ojums LSK par dz\u012bvi \u0160artr\u0113 (Chartra<\/em>) g\u016bstek\u0146u nometn\u0113 un v\u0101cie\u0161u attieksmi 1945. gada 1. decembr\u012b<\/strong>. Avots: LNA_LVA_F2176_2-v_143, 168. lp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0160. g. 10. apr\u012bl\u012b tiku ievainots un nos\u016bt\u012bts slimn\u012bc\u0101 Leipcig\u0101. \u0160. g. apr\u012b\u013ca otraj\u0101 pus\u0113, kad biju jau kust\u012bbas sp\u0113j\u012bgs, mani ievietoja Reinburgas kara g\u016bstek\u0146u nometn\u0113 V\u0101cij\u0101, kur paliku l\u012bdz \u0161. g. maija beig\u0101m. Dz\u012bves apst\u0101k\u013ci nometn\u0113 bija drausm\u012bgi. Bija agrs pavasaris. Nometne atrad\u0101s net\u0101lu no Zieme\u013cj\u016bras, k\u0101d\u0113\u013c bija daudz nokri\u0161\u0146u. T\u0101 apm[\u0113ram] 2 ned\u0113\u013cas lija katru dienu. Nometn\u0113 dub\u013ci bija l\u012bdz pusstilbam. Atrad\u0101mies zem klajas debess, kopa ievainotie un veselie. Gul\u0113j\u0101m dub\u013cu bedr\u0113s, ko izrak\u0101m ar rok\u0101m, jo darba r\u012bku nek\u0101du nebija. \u0112dienu izsniedza nev\u0101r\u012bt\u0101 veid\u0101: svaigus un \u017e\u0101v\u0113tus kartupe\u013cus, zir\u0146us, pupas. Maizi neizsniedza nemaz. Apm\u0113ram pusotra m\u0113ne\u0161a laik\u0101, kam\u0113r atrad\u0101mies min\u0113t\u0101 nometn\u0113, k\u0101das 6 reizes sa\u0146\u0113m\u0101m 3\u20136 sausi\u0146us. Silta \u0113diena nedab\u016bj\u0101m, pat kafiju n\u0113, jo to izsniedza saus\u0101 veid\u0101. Malkas mums nebija. T\u0101pat dzeramais \u016bdens bija d\u0101rga manta. Bija j\u0101st\u0101v apm\u0113ram 2 stundas rind\u0101, lai dab\u016btu dzeramo \u016bdeni. Dr\u0113bes nek\u0101das netika izsniegtas. T\u0101pat ar\u012b segas un apavi n\u0113. [..] Praktiski apst\u0101k\u013cus uzlabot ar\u012b nebija iesp\u0113jams, jo nemit\u012bgi pl\u016bda kl\u0101t sakaut\u0101s v\u0101cu armijas masas. \u0160. g. 1. j\u016bnij\u0101 tiku p\u0101rvietots Chartras kara g\u016bstek\u0146u nometn\u0113 Francij\u0101. Tur apst\u0101k\u013ci bija nesal\u012bdzin\u0101mi lab\u0101ki. Turienes klimats bija daudz kontinent\u0101l\u0101ks \u2013 nebija tik daudz nokri\u0161\u0146u. \u0112dienu izsniedza sagatavotu un siltu. Sa\u0146\u0113m\u0101m ar\u012b maizi. Nolietoju\u0161\u0101s dr\u0113bes, apavus un ve\u013cu apmain\u012bja pret jaun\u0101m. Izsniedza segas. Dab\u016bj\u0101m ar\u012b teltenes. T\u0101pat ar\u012b sanit\u0101r\u0101 pal\u012bdz\u012bba bija laba. Bet bija atkal jauna nelaime. Nometnes vad\u012bba bija v\u0101cu taut\u012bbas g\u016bstek\u0146u rok\u0101s, amerik\u0101\u0146us nemaz neredz\u0113j\u0101m. Tie pret p\u0101r\u0113jiem g\u016bstek\u0146iem iztur\u0113j\u0101s augst\u0101k\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 negod\u012bgi. Vi\u0146i maizi un ar\u012b zupu p\u0101rdeva pret pulkste\u0146iem, tabakas prec\u0113m un v\u0113rtsliet\u0101m. Bija saj\u016bta, ka atrodamies v\u0101cu, nevis amerik\u0101\u0146u g\u016bst\u0101. M\u0113s, p\u0101r\u0113jie, sa\u0146\u0113m\u0101m p\u0101rtiku tik maz\u0101s norm\u0101s, ka dr\u012bzi vien nov\u0101j\u0113j\u0101m tik t\u0101lu, ka straujas \u0137erme\u0146a st\u0101vok\u013ca mai\u0146as sajut\u0101m k\u0101 galvas reibumu un pat klup\u0101m. M\u0113s, baltie\u0161i, s\u0101k\u0101m protest\u0113t pret \u0161\u0101du v\u0101cu r\u012bc\u012bbu, jo, dz\u012bvojot \u0161\u0101dos apst\u0101k\u013cos, draud\u0113ja kust\u012bbas nesp\u0113ja. Izc\u0113l\u0101s da\u017e\u0101di sare\u017e\u0123\u012bjumi. V\u0101cie\u0161i nesp\u0113ja tos nov\u0113rst, k\u0101d\u0113\u013c izsauca amerik\u0101\u0146us. T\u0101 bija pirm\u0101 reize, kad m\u0113s Chartras nometn\u0113 ieraudz\u012bj\u0101m amerik\u0101\u0146us. Tie m\u016bs, baltie\u0161us, novietoja atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 (cage). \u0160eit amerik\u0101\u0146i m\u016bs nopratin\u0101ja, kuri v\u0113las braukt atpaka\u013c uz Padomju Savien\u012bbu. No 500 latvie\u0161iem 86 pieteic\u0101s atgriezties. P\u0101r\u0113jos, kuri atteic\u0101s braukt, \u0161. g. 23. j\u016bnij\u0101 aizs\u016bt\u012bja uz \u0160\u0113rburgas kara g\u016bstek\u0146u nometni. Tur \u0101rzemniekus ievietoja atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101 nodal\u012bjum\u0101. Latvie\u0161u salas\u012bj\u0101s ap 500 v\u012bru. Tur uzturs un dz\u012bves apst\u0101k\u013ci bija apm\u0113ram l\u012bdz\u012bgi. Tad pie mums ierad\u0101s Sarkan\u0101s armijas po\u013citruki, kuri a\u0123it\u0113ja par atgrie\u0161anos uz Padomju Latviju. Tos, kuri pieteic\u0101s, novietoja atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101 nodal\u012bjum\u0101, deva labu uzturu un sol\u012bja vis\u0101dus labumus. No latvie\u0161iem pieteic\u0101s apm\u0113ram 400 v\u012bru. M\u0113s palik\u0101m apm\u0113ram 100 latvie\u0161i.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Gaisa sp\u0113ku izpal\u012bga \u0123imn\u0101zista Ilgo\u0146a Katlapa v\u0113stule par darba nometn\u0113m Francij\u0101 1945. gada 27. novembr\u012b<\/strong>. Avots: LNA_LVA_F2176_1-v_40, 15.\u201317. lp. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c1945. gada 8. apr\u012bl\u012b esmu \u201chumanit\u0101ro\u201d amerik\u0101\u0146u g\u016bsteknis, gu\u013cu dub\u013cos un liet\u016b, zem \u201czilas debess\u201d, izsalcis, p\u0101rsalis, ar p\u0101r\u0113jiem 80 nelaim\u012bgajiem 17 gadus vecajiem latvie\u0161iem g\u016bstek\u0146u nometn\u0113 pie Kreuznahas. K\u0101p\u0113c? Pavisam vienk\u0101r\u0161i. T\u0101p\u0113c, ka es 1944. gada 17. august\u0101 k\u0101 1927. gad\u0101 dzimu\u0161ais esmu iesaukts \u201cgaisa sp\u0113ku izpal\u012bgos\u201d. [..] M\u0113s gaid\u012bj\u0101m amerik\u0101\u0146us k\u0101 atbr\u012bvot\u0101jus, jo m\u0113s tak nebij\u0101m \u0161auteni rok\u0101 tur\u0113ju\u0161i\u2026 K\u0101p\u0113c m\u0113s tik\u0101m ievietoti darbu nometn\u0113s Francij\u0101 pie uzb\u016bves? V\u0101cie\u0161i, kas ir karoju\u0161i pret amerik\u0101\u0146iem, tiek atlaisti no g\u016bsta, bet m\u0113s, tagad 18 gad[\u012bgi] latvie\u0161i ne! Cik gadus tad mums 100% nevain\u012bgiem b\u016bs v\u0113l smagi j\u0101vergo k\u0101 20. g[adu] simte\u0146a baltajiem vergiem? Pateicoties manam plau\u0161u karsonim, esmu no Francijas vergu d\u0101rziem izk\u013cuvis, bet manu biedru mokas neliek man miera\u2026 K\u0101p\u0113c m\u0113s tiekam no it\u0101\u013ciem un melnajiem sisti un moc\u012bti? 800 latvie\u0161u skolnieku ir darbu nometn\u0113s Francij\u0101! T\u0101 ir demokr\u0101tisk\u0101 humanit\u0101te?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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G\u016bstek\u0146a J. Auma\u013ca v\u0113stule Kacena kungam par fran\u010du g\u016bstu 1946. gada 17. decembr\u012b. <\/strong>Avots: LNA_LVA_F2176_2-v_157, 194. lp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cK\u0101dreiz cer\u0113j\u0101m, ka m\u016bs fran\u010di visdr\u012bz\u0101k\u0101 laik\u0101 atbr\u012bvos, bet nu esam zaud\u0113ju\u0161i katru cer\u012bbu. Esam piel\u012bdzin\u0101ti piln\u012bgi v\u0101cie\u0161iem. M\u016bsu st\u0101voklis v\u0113l vair\u0101k ir pasliktin\u0101jies p\u0113c krievu komisijas, kur m\u0113s atteic\u0101mies doties atpaka\u013c uz m\u016bsu okup\u0113to dzimteni. Ceram v\u0113l vien\u012bgi uz amerik\u0101\u0146iem, jo m\u0113s visi esam amerik\u0101\u0146u g\u016bstek\u0146i, bet ne fran\u010du. Amerik\u0101\u0146i m\u016bs kop\u0101 ar v\u0101cu karav\u012briem nos\u016bt\u012bja uz Franciju darbos. Esam \u0161eit no pag[\u0101ju\u0161\u0101] gada rudens. Esam izvietoti pa darba komand\u0101m, fabrik\u0101s, pie lauksaimniekiem un citur. M\u016bsu st\u0101voklis ir \u013coti b\u0113d\u012bgs, jo daudz k\u0101 tr\u016bkst. Nezinu, vai nav iesp\u0113jams jums, V\u0101cij\u0101 eso\u0161ajiem, griezties pie amerik\u0101\u0146u vald\u012bbas m\u016bsu liet\u0101. \u013boti l\u016bdzu, vai nav iesp\u0113jams mums nos\u016bt\u012bt k\u0101dus vecus laikrakstu numurus, jo nek\u0101 nezin\u0101m no \u0101rpasaules, ja iesp\u0113jams, s\u016btiet uz manu adresi, jo caur l\u0101geri s\u016bt\u012btie mums netiek nodoti.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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G\u016bstek\u0146u repatri\u0113\u0161ana uz PSRS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1945. gada vasar\u0101 tika nov\u0113rotas krievu po\u013citruku veiktas aktivit\u0101tes, lai Francijas g\u016bstek\u0146u nometn\u0113s m\u012bto\u0161ie latvie\u0161u karav\u012bri atgrieztos PSRS. Po\u013citruku centieni bija vainagoju\u0161ies pan\u0101kumiem \u2013 laika posm\u0101 no V\u0101cijas kapitul\u0101cijas l\u012bdz 1945. gada beig\u0101m kopum\u0101 repatri\u0113j\u0101s vismaz 3600 latvie\u0161u karav\u012bru, no tiem piespiedu k\u0101rt\u0101 krievu rok\u0101s non\u0101ca apm\u0113ram 500 no vi\u0146iem. \u012apa\u0161i j\u0101run\u0101 par latvie\u0161u gaisa sp\u0113ku izpal\u012bgu izve\u0161anu no Marse\u013cas 1945. gada j\u016blij\u0101 un august\u0101. Vi\u0146us tur\u0113ja t\u0101d\u0101 izol\u0101cij\u0101, ka LSK vi\u0146u lab\u0101 neko nevar\u0113ja dar\u012bt. V\u0113l\u0101k LSK pan\u0101ca, ka latvie\u0161u kara g\u016bstek\u0146u izdo\u0161anai Padomju Savien\u012bbai no amerik\u0101\u0146u un fran\u010du okup\u0101cijas josl\u0101m nav nek\u0101da pamata. S\u0101kot ar 1946. gada febru\u0101ri, Sabiedroto armiju virspav\u0113lniec\u012bba (SHAEF) izdeva da\u017e\u0101dus r\u012bkojumus attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz baltie\u0161iem, ka vi\u0146i nav Padomju Savien\u012bbas pilso\u0146i un nav piespiedu k\u0101rt\u0101 repatri\u0113jami. Repatri\u0113\u0161anas draudus piln\u012bb\u0101 nov\u0113rsa ar\u012b le\u0123ion\u0101ru izskait\u012b\u0161ana no SS kategorijas un to p\u0101rcel\u0161ana uz atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101m nometn\u0113m. P\u0113c tam repatri\u0101cija bija niec\u012bga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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K\u0101d\u0113\u013c daudzi latvie\u0161i pieteic\u0101s atgriezties? Krievi, izmantojot situ\u0101ciju, ka g\u016bstek\u0146i ir atrauti no \u0101rpasaules, maldin\u0101ju\u0161i tos, ka visi latvie\u0161i Rietumus pametu\u0161i, citi g\u016bstek\u0146i cer\u0113ju\u0161i sastapt savus pieder\u012bgos okup\u0113taj\u0101 Latvij\u0101, bet v\u0113l liel\u0101ks skaits grib\u0113ju\u0161i p\u0101rvieto\u0161anas laik\u0101 rast izdev\u012bbu b\u0113gt, kas g\u016bst\u0101 bijis neiesp\u0113jami.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Fragments no intervijas ar biju\u0161o gaisa sp\u0113ku izpal\u012bgu Vili C\u012bpuru par g\u016bstu Francij\u0101 un repatri\u0101ciju uz PSRS. Avots: Latvijas Okup\u0101cijas muzejs.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Latvie\u0161u gaisa izpal\u012bgu, karav\u012bru un citu saraksts, kuri 1945. gada augusta beig\u0101s no Marse\u013cas tika s\u016bt\u012bti uz Padomju Savien\u012bbu. <\/strong>Avots: LNA_LVA_F2176_1-v_40, 25-27. lp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zi\u0146ojums par g\u016bstekni Otto Za\u0137i, kur\u0161 izb\u0113ga no krievu organiz\u0113t\u0101s repatri\u0101cijas, 1945. gada 13. novembris. <\/strong>Avots: LNA_LVA_F2176_2-v_133, 228.lp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“1945. gada novembr\u012b izb\u0113gu no transporta, ce\u013c\u0101 no Bongewall-Saind Cland, kur atrodas krievu repatri\u0101cijas centr\u0101l\u0101 nometne, uz nezin\u0101mu m\u0113r\u0137i krievu apgabal\u0101. [..] Kam\u0113r m\u0113s bij\u0101m Bongewal\u0101, tur pien\u0101ca v\u0113l viens transports, kur\u0161 sast\u0101v\u0113ja no 300 latvie\u0161iem.To starp\u0101 bija 3 virsnieki. Vi\u0146u mor\u0101liskais un vesel\u012bbas st\u0101voklis bija \u013coti slikts. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca n\u0101ca no Cherburgas nometnes, kur\u0101 p\u0113c vi\u0146a st\u0101stiem, ap 300 latvie\u0161i, nomira no bada t\u012bfa. Vi\u0146i bija non\u0101ku\u0161i pat tik t\u0101lu, ka \u013c\u0101vu\u0161ies par pus maizi, no seneg\u0101lie\u0161iem izvaroties. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca no pakl\u012bdu\u0161ajiem bija gaisa izpal\u012bgi, kuri n\u0101ca no vis\u0101m front\u0113m. uz komand\u0101m vi\u0146us nelaida, ta k\u0101 p\u0101rtika bija daudz slikt\u0101ka, par to, ko sa\u0146\u0113ma v\u0101cie\u0161i. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c ar\u012b, kad vi\u0146a sa\u0146\u0113ma lab\u0101ku p\u0101rtiku no krieviem, vi\u0146u uzskati pret tiem bija diezgan labv\u0113l\u012bgi.”<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

G\u016bstek\u0146a P\u0101vila Lides zi\u0146ojums par piespiedu k\u0101rt\u0101 krievu aizvestiem gaisa sp\u0113ku<\/strong> izpal\u012bgiem<\/strong>. 1945. gads.<\/strong> Avots: LNA_LVA_F2176_2-v_143, 64. lp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAr 13 . augustu ieradu\u0161ies PSRS p\u0101rst\u0101vji un, uzskatot par PSRS pilso\u0146iem, p\u0101r\u0146\u0113mu\u0161i latvie\u0161u z\u0113nus sav\u0101 r\u012bc\u012bb\u0101 un pazi\u0146oju\u0161i, ka j\u0101gatavojoties brauk\u0161anai uz Padomju Savien\u012bbu un ka atteiku\u0161os sagaida sods \u2013 20 gadi SS nometn\u0113 un citi soda m\u0113ri. Bet visliel\u0101ko iespaidu atst\u0101jis uz z\u0113niem tas, ka vi\u0146iem no vair\u0101k\u0101m pus\u0113m pateikts, ka visi latvie\u0161i no \u0101rzem\u0113m un ar\u012b no V\u0101cijas jau aizbrauku\u0161i uz Latviju un atrodoties sav\u0101s dz\u012bvesviet\u0101s. Ar\u012b \u0161\u012bs nometnes da\u013cas vad\u012bt\u0101js amerik\u0101\u0146u ukrainietis uzst\u0101jies krieviem par labu. Visi z\u0113ni sadal\u012bti vados un bataljonos; teikts, ka s\u016bt\u012b\u0161ot uz Leipcigu, p\u0113c tam uz Minsku, kur katrs var\u0113\u0161ot braukt 2 m\u0113ne\u0161u atva\u013cin\u0101jum\u0101 uz savu padomju republiku, resp[ekt\u012bvi], Latviju, p\u0113c kam iedal\u012b\u0161ot vi\u0146us no jauna Sarkanaj\u0101 armij\u0101. Z\u0113ni pa\u0161i sadal\u012bju\u0161ies pa 30 uz vagonu, bet no katriem 30 atdal\u012bti pa 2\u20133 un vi\u0146u viet\u0101 ielikti citi, apm\u0113ram 30\u201340 gadu veci latvie\u0161i un puskrievi, kas sabiju\u0161i koncentr\u0101cijas nometn\u0113s V\u0101cij\u0101 un kurus z\u0113ni uzskat\u012bju\u0161i par po\u013citrukiem. Visi iet\u0113rpti amerik\u0101\u0146u dreb\u0113s ar uzkr\u0101sotu sarkano zvaigzni uz piedurknes un cepures. 23. august\u0101 izbrauku\u0161i no Marse\u013cas. \u0160aj\u0101 e\u0161elon\u0101 biju\u0161i apm[\u0113ram] 450 latvie\u0161u, 300 lietuvie\u0161u, 50 igau\u0146u un 300 Pievolgas v\u0101cie\u0161u. Paliku\u0161i v\u0113l nometn\u0113 apm[\u0113ram] 200 lietuvie\u0161u un 20 latvie\u0161u, kuri atteiku\u0161ies braukt, jo lab\u0101k mir\u0161ot tepat uz vietas.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liecinieces Katr\u012bnes Salavas v\u0113stule LSK p\u0101rst\u0101vim Spricim Paeglem par sastaptajiem g\u016bstek\u0146iem 1945. gada 25. septembr\u012b. <\/strong>Avots: LNA_LVA_F2176_1-v_40, 36., 37. lp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0160odien, braucot m\u0101j\u0101s no Detmoldas, kurp bij\u0101m kop\u0101 ar Kapsis kundzi aizbrauku\u0161as iev\u0101kt zi\u0146as par pieder\u012bgiem, Bebras stacij\u0101 redz\u0113j\u0101m sekojo\u0161o. Pien\u0101ca liels e\u0161elons, ap 40 vagonu sast\u0101v\u0101, ar padomju pilso\u0146iem un pilson\u0113m. Var\u0113ja dzird\u0113t latvie\u0161u, lietuvie\u0161u, krievu un po\u013cu valodas. M\u0113s st\u0101v\u0113j\u0101m uz perona un br\u012bn\u012bdamies nov\u0113roj\u0101m \u0161o vilcienu. Mums pie kr\u016bt\u012bm bija piespraustas latvie\u0161u nacion\u0101l\u0101s noz\u012bmes. Tad pie mums pien\u0101ca 4 jauni z\u0113ni, uzrun\u0101ja m\u016bs latviski un pras\u012bja, vai m\u0113s latvietes un no kurienes. Teic\u0101m, ka m\u0113s esam latvietes no tuv\u0113j\u0101s latvie\u0161u nometnes Fuld\u0101, pras\u012bj\u0101m vi\u0146iem, kurp vi\u0146i braukdami. Vi\u0146i teica, ka braucot no Francijas uz Padomju Latviju. Vi\u0146i esot Francij\u0101 biju\u0161i k\u0101 kara g\u016bstek\u0146i (biju\u0161i v\u0101cu armij\u0101 k\u0101 gaisa izpal\u012bgi un ar\u012b latvie\u0161u le\u0123ion\u0101ri). \u0160in\u012b e\u0161elon\u0101 esot latvie\u0161u ap 150 cilv\u0113ku. Francij\u0101 esot paliku\u0161i ar\u012b v\u0113l nedaudzi latvie\u0161i. Fran\u010di ar vi\u0146iem apg\u0101ju\u0161ies p\u0101r\u0101k necilv\u0113c\u012bgi \u2013 dauz\u012bju\u0161i un piek\u0101vu\u0161i l\u012bdz n\u0101vei, izsitu\u0161i zobus. Biju\u0161i gad\u012bjumi, kad da\u017eu nakti no sitieniem miru\u0161i l\u012bdz 15 cilv\u0113ku. Uzturs sast\u0101v\u0113jis no 3 za\u013ciem kartupe\u013ciem un maza gabali\u0146a maizes dien\u0101, vi\u0146i no bada biju\u0161i uzt\u016bku\u0161i. Iev\u0113rojot \u0161\u0101du fran\u010du necilv\u0113c\u012bbu un krievu dotos sol\u012bjumus katru aizs\u016bt\u012bt uz vi\u0146a agr\u0101ko dz\u012bvesvietu, vi\u0146i atdevu\u0161ies krievu r\u012bc\u012bb\u0101 un aizsardz\u012bb\u0101 un braucot uz Padomju Latviju. Fran\u010di latvie\u0161iem p\u0101rmetot \u017e\u012bdu no\u0161au\u0161anu un ieskaitot latvie\u0161us v\u0101cu SS asins grup\u0101 kop\u0101 ar v\u0101cie\u0161iem. \u0160iem z\u0113niem pie cepures bija mazas sarkanas Padomju Krievijas zvaigznes. Uz m\u016bsu aizr\u0101d\u012bjumu, ka V\u0101cij\u0101 katr\u0101 liel\u0101k\u0101 pils\u0113t\u0101 ir latvie\u0161u nometnes amerik\u0101\u0146u un ang\u013cu aizsardz\u012bb\u0101 un tamd\u0113\u013c lab\u0101k b\u016btu uz padomiju nebraukt, bet no e\u0161elona aizb\u0113gt \u2013 jaunie\u0161i, kuru skaits jau bija palielin\u0101jies l\u012bdz 10\u201315 cilv\u0113ku, aizbildin\u0101j\u0101s, ka vi\u0146iem esot bail b\u0113gt, jo krievi t\u0101 k\u0101 t\u0101 atkal no\u0137er\u0161ot. Ar\u012b m\u0113s, t. i., tie latvie\u0161i, kuri atrad\u0101s nometn\u0113s, nezinot, kas ar mums notik\u0161ot. Kaut gan da\u017ei jaunie\u0161i s\u0101ka p\u0101rdom\u0101t un spriest par b\u0113g\u0161anu. Da\u013ca pien\u0101ku\u0161o lik\u0101s esam kreisi noska\u0146ota un zoboj\u0101s par mums, ka m\u0113s esot gan \u201clabas zi\u0146as atnesu\u0161as\u201d. Par m\u016bsu sarunu k\u0101ds bija pazi\u0146ojis krievu virsniekiem, kas pavad\u012bja e\u0161elonu, un t\u0101 k\u0101 m\u0113s no vis\u0101m pus\u0113m tik\u0101m itin k\u0101 ielenktas, tad atrad\u0101m par lab\u0101ku no perona aiziet, teicot brauc\u0113jiem, lai sveicina dzimteni. Kad vilciens bija aizg\u0101jis, tad iev\u0113roj\u0101m, ka da\u017ei po\u013ci bija no vilciena izb\u0113gu\u0161i. Fuldas nometne, 1945. g. 25. IX\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Latvijas Sarkanais Krusts bija konstat\u0113jis ar\u012b gad\u012bjumus, kad latvie\u0161u g\u016bstek\u0146i p\u0113c atbr\u012bvo\u0161anas bija pievienoju\u0161ies fran\u010du armijas dienestam vai tie tika ieskait\u012bti \u0101rzemnieku le\u0123ion\u0101, aizst\u0101vot Francijas intereses karalauk\u0101 \u2013 t\u0101di bija ap 200 latvie\u0161u. Ta\u010du pien\u0101kumi vair\u0101kum\u0101 gad\u012bjumu bija saist\u012bti ar sauszemes m\u012bnu likvid\u0113\u0161anu un l\u012bdz\u012bga rakstura b\u012bstamiem uzdevumiem, kas daudzos gad\u012bjumos beigu\u0161ies ar\u012b ar let\u0101l\u0101m sek\u0101m.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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LSK saraksts par br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bgiem latvie\u0161iem \u0101rzemnieku le\u0123ion\u0101, kuri kritu\u0161i Indo\u0137\u012bn\u0101. Avots: LNA_LVA_F2176_2-v_145, 2. lp.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

LSK pilnvarot\u0101 O.Lapsas zi\u0146ojums par latvie\u0161u karav\u012briem fran\u010du armijas dienest\u0101<\/strong>. Nezin\u0101ms datums.<\/strong> Avots: LNA_LVA_F2176_2-v_128, 13. lp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cUzzin\u0101ju par k\u0101das jaunas latvie\u0161u karav\u012bru vien\u012bbas eksist\u0113\u0161anu, bez jau min\u0113t\u0101s Kaiserslautern\u0101. St\u0101jos sakaros ar \u0161\u012bs vien\u012bbas vec\u0101ko ser\u017e[antu] Alfredu L\u0101ci, kur\u0161 paskaidroja, ka vien\u012bba dibin\u0101ta k\u0101 pal\u012bgvien\u012bba pie fran\u010du okup\u0101cijas sp\u0113kiem un t\u0101s uzdevumi g\u016bstek\u0146u un politisko apcietin\u0101to apsardz\u012bba un pavad\u012b\u0161ana dz\u012bv\u012bbu apdraudo\u0161os darbos (Zigfrida l\u012bnijas dem\u012bn\u0113\u0161ana un saspridzin\u0101\u0161ana). Atl\u012bdz\u012bba RM 150. Uzturs labs 2500\u20133000 kal[oriju] dien\u0101. Iet\u0113rps \u2013 fran\u010du armijas uniforma.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Francijas teritorij\u0101 ASV g\u016bst\u0101 1945. gada maija beig\u0101s un j\u016bnija s\u0101kum\u0101 p\u0113c visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s v\u0101cu armijas bezierunu kapitul\u0101cijas 8. maij\u0101 atrad\u0101s apm\u0113ram 1200 latvie\u0161u karav\u012bru. V\u0113l\u0101k g\u016bstek\u0146u skaits Francij\u0101 pieauga, tos atvedot no V\u0101cijas nometn\u0113m. Jau 1944. gada 23. decembr\u012b ASV ar Franciju nosl\u0113dza darbasp\u0113ka l\u012bgumu, ka ASV Francijas vald\u012bbai nodos pusotru miljonu SS kara g\u016bstek\u0146u Francij\u0101 … <\/p>\n

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